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Competitive
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Revision Notes
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Revision Notes
Practice Questions
Topical Past Paper Questions
Past Papers
Paper 4
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Thermodynamics
Contents
Pressure-Volume Paths and Cycles
Practise Thermodynamics
Contents
All chapters
Physics · 9702
Paper 4
Chapter 05 · Thermodynamics
First-Law Applications
Pressure-Volume Paths and Cycles
01
Motion in a Circle
Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion
3
Circular Motion & Radians
Angular Speed
Linear Speed, Wheels & Gears
Centripetal Acceleration
2
Why Circular Motion Accelerates
Calculating Centripetal Acceleration
Forces in Circular Motion
8
Centripetal Force
How Circular Motion Changes
The Real Inward Force
Resolving Forces in Circular Motion
A Ball Inside a Smooth Cone
Conical Pendulum
Banked Roads & Aircraft
Circular Motion at a Latitude
02
Gravitational Fields
Fields & Newton's Law
7
Gravity and Gravitational Fields
Gravitational Field Lines
Newton's Law of Gravitation
Gravitational Field Strength
Field Strength of a Point Mass
Combined Gravitational Fields
Finding a Zero-Field Point
Potential & Energy
4
Gravitational Potential
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Energy Changes
Energy to Escape a Gravitational Field
Field & Potential Graphs
2
Gravitational Field Strength Graphs
Gravitational Potential Graphs
Orbits
4
Circular Orbits
Orbital Period & Kepler's Third Law
Orbital Period Graphs
Geostationary Orbits
03
Temperature
Thermal Transfer and Equilibrium
1
Thermal Energy Transfer and Equilibrium
Measuring Temperature
2
Thermometers and Thermometric Properties
Thermodynamic Temperature
Specific Heat Capacity
2
Specific Heat Capacity
Thermal Energy Sharing
Specific Latent Heat
2
Specific Latent Heat
Latent Heat Calculations
04
Ideal Gases
The Mole & the Gas Equation
5
Amount of Substance and the Mole
Boyle's Law and Charles's Law
The Equation of State
Counting Molecules: pV = NkT
Reading a pV against kT Graph
Kinetic Theory of Gases
5
The Kinetic Model of a Gas
How Molecules Cause Pressure
Temperature and Mean Kinetic Energy
Root-Mean-Square Speed
R.M.S. Speed Relationships
05
Thermodynamics
Internal Energy
1
Internal Energy
The First Law
3
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Work During a Volume Change
Work from a Pressure-Volume Graph
First-Law Applications
4
Applying the First Law
Using the Process Condition
First-Law Tables
Pressure-Volume Paths and Cycles
06
Oscillations
Describing Oscillations
7
Oscillations: Start Here
Period, Frequency and Angular Frequency
Phase Difference and Amplitude
What Makes Motion Simple Harmonic?
SHM as a Circular Projection
SHM Equations and Graphs
Speed and Acceleration in SHM
Energy of Oscillations
1
Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
Damping and Resonance
2
Damping
Forced Oscillations and Resonance
07
Electric Fields
Electric Field Foundations
4
Electric Fields: Start Here
Drawing Electric Field Lines
Uniform Electric Fields
Charged-Particle Motion in a Uniform Field
Point Charges
4
Coulomb's Law
Charged Spheres in Equilibrium
The Field of a Point Charge
Combining Electric Fields
Electric Potential
4
Electric Potential
Electric Potential Energy
Field Strength from Potential
Zero Potential and Zero Field
08
Capacitance
Capacitor Foundations
4
Capacitance: Start Here
Capacitance of an Isolated Conductor
How a Capacitor Stores Energy
Calculating Capacitor Energy
Capacitor Networks
3
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Reducing Capacitor Networks
Charge Sharing
Capacitor Discharge
3
Why Capacitor Discharge Slows Down
Capacitor Time Constant
Using the Discharge Equation
09
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Field Foundations
3
Magnetic Fields: Start Here
Field Around a Straight Wire
Fields of Coils and Solenoids
Forces on Currents
2
Force on a Current
Forces Between Parallel Wires
Moving Charges
7
Force on a Moving Charge
Charged Particles in Circles
Period of a Charged Particle
The Velocity Selector
Velocity Selector Calculations
The Hall Effect
Using a Hall Probe
10
Electromagnetic Induction
Induction Foundations
4
Electromagnetic Induction: Start Here
Induction Experiments and E.m.f. Size
Magnetic Flux
Magnetic Flux Linkage
Faraday's Law
3
Faraday's Law
Motional E.m.f.
From Flux Graphs to E.m.f. Graphs
Direction & Applications
3
Lenz's Law
Eddy Currents and Braking
Rotating Conductors and Generators
11
Alternating Currents
Alternating Current Foundations
3
Alternating Current: Start Here
Reading an a.c. Graph
Sinusoidal a.c. Equations
r.m.s. Values & Power
4
What r.m.s. Means
Calculating r.m.s. Values
The a.c. Power Waveform
Mean Power in a Resistive Load
Rectification & Smoothing
5
Half-wave and Full-wave Outputs
The Single-diode Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
How Smoothing Works
Smoothing Calculations
12
Quantum Physics
Light as Quanta
5
What a Photon Is
Photon Energy and Electronvolts
Photon Intensity
Photon Rate
Photon Momentum and Radiation Force
Photoelectric Effect
5
What the Photoelectric Effect Is
Explaining Photoelectric Observations
The Photoelectric Equation
Threshold Frequency & Wavelength
Photoelectric Graphs and Stopping Potential
Matter Waves
2
Wave–Particle Duality and de Broglie Wavelength
Electron Diffraction
Atomic Spectra
3
Recognising Line Spectra
Atomic Energy Levels and Transitions
Explaining Line Spectra
13
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Reactions
3
Nuclear Equations
Mass–Energy Equivalence
Calculating Nuclear Reaction Energy
Mass & Binding Energy
4
Mass Defect & Binding Energy
The Binding-Energy Curve
Fusion & Fission
Why Fusion and Fission Release Energy
Radioactive Decay
5
Evidence for Random Decay
Random & Spontaneous Decay
Activity & Decay Constant
Half-Life & Exponential Decay
Using Radioactive-Decay Equations
14
Medical Physics
Ultrasound
3
How Ultrasound Builds an Image
Impedance, Reflection & Gel
Ultrasound Attenuation
X-ray Imaging
3
X-ray Production & Minimum Wavelength
X-ray Attenuation & Contrast
Computed Tomography
PET Imaging
1
PET Scanning
15
Astronomy & Cosmology
Stars & Distance
2
Luminosity & Radiant Flux
Standard Candles & Distance
Stellar Properties
2
Stellar Temperature from a Spectrum
Stellar Radius from Luminosity
The Expanding Universe
3
Redshift & Recession Speed
Hubble's Law
Expansion & the Big Bang
16
Definitions
A Level Definitions
15
Motion in a Circle
Gravitational Fields
Temperature
Ideal Gases
Thermodynamics
Oscillations
Electric Fields
Capacitance
Magnetic Fields
Electromagnetic Induction
Alternating Currents
Quantum Physics
Nuclear Physics
Medical Physics
Astronomy and Cosmology
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