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Solving Reciprocal Trig Equations

For sec⁡x=k\sec x=k with ∣k∣≥1|k|\ge1, solve cos⁡x=1/k\cos x=1/k. Cosecant converts to sine in the same way. If cot⁡x=k≠0\cot x=k\ne0, use tan⁡x=1/k\tan x=1/k; if k=0k=0, use cosine zero instead.

An inverse-trig key returns one principal value, not all solutions. Sine gives an angle from −90∘-90^\circ to 90∘90^\circ, cosine from 0∘0^\circ to 180∘180^\circ, and tangent strictly between −90∘-90^\circ and 90∘90^\circ. Use symmetry and the period to find the rest.

The reference angle, the acute angle to the horizontal axis, is 30∘30^\circ. Sine is negative in quadrants III and IV.

The calculator's −30∘-30^\circ is outside the interval. Both retained angles have sine −1/2-1/2.

In radians, if β\beta is the calculator value, sine solutions are β+2nπ\beta+2n\pi and π−β+2nπ\pi-\beta+2n\pi; cosine solutions are ±β+2nπ\pm\beta+2n\pi; tangent solutions are β+nπ\beta+n\pi. Here nn is any integer. Replace 2π,π2\pi,\pi by 360∘,180∘360^\circ,180^\circ in degrees. Keep only values inside the interval and list repeated values once.

Practise Trigonometry
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